Atypical Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: FDG-PET contribution to the diagnosis

Authors

• Mutsuka Kurihara Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan 0000-0001-5283-2747
• Yasutaka Yanagita Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan 0000-0002-9213-8247
• Daiki Yokokawa Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan 0000-0003-0944-8664
• Yu Li Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan 0000-0002-7978-9627
• Masatomi Ikusaka Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan 0000-0002-9760-5596

Keywords

Abstract

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD), also called histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is more common in young women and typically presents with small, painful, localized cervical lymphadenopathy that resolves spontaneously within a few weeks. Laboratory findings are variable. As many as 40% of KFD cases are reported to be painless, and up to 22% to be generalized lymphadenopathy. Therefore, malignant lymphoma could be a differential diagnosis of KFD. A histopathologic diagnosis is needed when it is difficult to distinguish KFD from lymphoma. KFD typically shows small, highly accumulated cervical lymph nodes on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). This contrasts with malignant lymphoma, which tends to be associated with massive lymphadenopathy. In our case, a 40-year-old Japanese male presented with painless lumps in the right neck, accompanied by fever, night sweats, and loss of appetite. His symptoms and laboratory results worsened over a month. FDG-PET revealed highly accumulated uptake in cervical, mediastinal, and axillary lymph nodes. The PET imaging showed a small, high FDG uptake and contributed to the correct diagnosis of KFD. This case report highlights the importance of FDG-PET, which is a valuable diagnostic tool for KFD as it typically differentiates large clusters of small lymph nodes typical of KFD from normal lymph nodes.

References